Understanding Sensory Processing Sensitivity: Discovery, Impact, and Treatment

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🌿 What Is Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS)? Sensory Processing Sensitivity is a genetically influenced trait characterized by a deeper cognitive processing of sensory input and heightened emotional reactivity. Individuals with this trait are often referred to as Highly Sensitive Persons (HSPs). They tend to be more aware of subtleties in their environment and are more easily overwhelmed by intense sensory stimuli.

🔍 The Discovery of SPS: The concept of Sensory Processing Sensitivity was first introduced in the 1990s by psychologist Dr. Elaine Aron, who, along with her husband Dr. Arthur Aron, developed the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS)—a 27-item questionnaire designed to identify individuals with heightened sensitivity. Their research revealed that approximately 15–30% of the population exhibits this trait, which is believed to have evolutionary advantages, such as increased awareness of threats and social cues.

Recent studies have also begun to uncover neurophysiological evidence of Sensory Processing Sensitivity. For example, EEG research has shown that HSPs exhibit higher beta and gamma brainwave activity, suggesting enhanced information processing and emotional responsiveness.

🧠 How SPS Affects Individuals: Living with SPS can be both a gift and a challenge. Here’s how it manifests in daily life:

Heightened Sensory Awareness: Bright lights, loud noises, strong smells, or chaotic environments can feel overwhelming.
Emotional Intensity: HSPs often feel emotions deeply—their own and others’. This can lead to strong empathy but also emotional exhaustion.
Need for Downtime: After social interactions or stimulating experiences, HSPs may require solitude to recharge.
Rich Inner World: Many HSPs are highly creative, introspective, and attuned to beauty in art, music, and nature.
Sensitivity to Criticism: Due to deep processing, negative feedback can feel more intense and linger longer.

These traits can impact relationships, work environments, and mental health, especially if misunderstood or unsupported.

🛠️ Treatment and Support Options: While SPS is not a disorder and doesn’t require “fixing,” many HSPs benefit from strategies that help them thrive in a world that often favors high stimulation. Here are some effective approaches:

Treatment Option	Description
Sensory Integration Therapy	Gradual exposure to sensory input to build tolerance and reduce overwhelm.
Occupational Therapy	Helps individuals develop coping strategies for daily sensory challenges.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)	Supports emotional regulation and reframing of negative thought patterns.
Mindfulness & Meditation	Encourages grounding and reduces overstimulation through present-moment focus.
Sensory Diets	Personalized routines that include calming or stimulating activities as needed.
Therapeutic Listening	Uses sound therapy to improve auditory processing and emotional balance.

Creating sensory-friendly environments—such as using soft lighting, noise-canceling headphones, or calming scents—can also make a significant difference in daily comfort.

🌈 Embracing Sensitivity as a Strength: Rather than viewing SPS as a limitation, it’s time to recognize it as a unique lens through which to experience the world. HSPs often bring depth, empathy, creativity, and insight to their communities. With the right tools and understanding, they can flourish in both personal and professional spheres.

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Steven Lucas MBACP PNCPS (Accred) is a professional counselling psychotherapist working in Northamptonshire. Read Full Bio.

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Disclaimer:

I am not a doctor so this guide should not be considered a replacement for seeking medical advice. It is also not a substitute for obtaining therapy as other factors, such as trauma, need to be considered.

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